Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(5)
Consequently, individual punishment sessions consisted of a maximum of five to six non-punished cycles in which rats had the opportunity to self-administer cocaine, interspersed with five to six punished cycles with no cocaine-taking opportunity.
But senior executives who seemed to play a role in the missteps are not singled out for individual punishment.
The West can't put a stop to it by individual punishment but it has, in the Non-Proliferation Treaty, a means of bringing nuclear powers into the fold and it has, in agreeing to progressive disarmament on its part, an example to show others.
Thus in World War II, even if "crimes of aggression" was not at the time recognized as a crime for which individual punishment was justified, if the actions violated that natural law principle that one should not deprive another of life, liberty, or property, the guilty parties could still be liable to criminal punishment.
Within individual punishment sessions, sham-operated rats showed a pronounced increase in latency to seeking after punishment (Fisher's LSD, P < 0.001), whereas BLA-lesioned rats showed increased responding (P < 0.05) after both cocaine and shock as compared with that seen during the first cycle, and thus no sign of suppression across the session (Fig. S4).
Similar(55)
Even one destroyed life – and a 20-year sentence for a 39-year old filmmaker surely means the cruellest of all individual punishments – will lead to an even greater punishment and retaliation that may befall on the whole country.
As for the students who took part in the sexually explicit chanting — which included "No means yes!" — Dr. Miller said federal privacy laws prevented the college from releasing details about individual punishments.
The GMC decision may have been a pragmatic one based on a judgment that it would be unfair to single out individuals for punishment when this was routine practice, but it should not have excused those in senior roles who surely had a duty not only to understand the law but also to ensure that junior staff acted within it.
Regional carriers had argued that the law violated the constitution's ban against laws that single out individuals for punishment.
This is known as third-party punishment, in which individuals punish violators even when the violation doesn't directly affect them, and it's critical to the maintenance of cooperation in human societies.
However, when individuals are allowed to punish other members of the group, most individuals use punishment targeted at free-riders as a device to increase contributions (Fehr and Gächter 2000).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com