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The PhoQW104C-A128C disulformsforms in the Salmonella periplasm and individual mutations at W104 or A128 do not inhibit activation by acidic pH or divalent cation limitation.
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In the cases in which more than one mutation occurred at a particular codon, we often observed significantly different levels of aggregated protein for each individual mutation at one position (Fig. 1B); examples include A4V versus T (P = 0.0168); G93A versus D (P = 0.0078), R (P = 0.0056) or S (P = 0.0222); G41D versus S (P = 0.0128) and E100G versus K PP = 0.0160).
Even single mutations at an individual residue can change a protein's activity completely – hence the discovery of 'inborn errors of metabolism'.
However, the improved discrimination conferred by these individual mutations came at the cost of reduced mating efficiency with cells producing the S. cerevisiae pheromone, resulting in low fitness.
This assumption disregards the possibility of double mutants, including the possibility that even negatively selected individual mutations will be segregating at low frequencies in the population allowing for the emergence of such double mutants.
Drug resistance information in terms of individual mutations, mutation patterns and at which frequency resistant viruses emerge in patients is perhaps not available until clinical trials that get scaled-up with extended dosing period.
Of the 27 individual mutations, there were 12 (44.4%) transitions at dipyrimidine sites, consistent with UVB involvement.
Of the 17 individual mutations, seven (41.2%) UVB signatures at dipyrimidine sites comprised the largest single group.
We first review the studies that aim at directly isolating individual mutations and measuring their effects.
The study suggested that epistasis diminished the negative effects of the individual mutations since the ability to grow at high rates contributed significantly to fitness [ 151].
The new research, by looking at the entire genome — all the DNA — and aiming to find all the mutations involved in a particular cancer, differs markedly from earlier studies, which have searched fewer genes for individual mutations.
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