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This assessment tool is not designed to identify individual misconceptions.
We did not pursue additional statistical analysis for individual misconceptions or categories of misconceptions, as there were small sample sizes for some misconceptions and a lack of independence among groups resulting from responses containing more than one misconception.
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The influence of individuals' misconceptions in assessing fruit and vegetable consumption on the ability of the theory of planned behaviour to explain variance in the consumption of these foods was studied.
Finally, of those participants who disagreed with statement 20 (n = 24), 41.7% (n = 10) agreed with statement 21 which indicates that these individuals hold misconceptions associated with both statements 20 and 21.
Answering in agreement with items in Factor 1 would indicate an individual holds common misconceptions about evolution in general.
This indicates how the value of condoms in the fight against STIs may be downgraded due to individual or social misconceptions and stigma about condoms.
These 10 individuals, holding to misconceptions associated with both statements 20 and 22, represent 13.3% of participants who responded to both statements (n = 75).
For example, for item 13 on the assessment, we classified the correct answer as corresponding to the key concept Evolution by Natural Selection, and the three distractors were classified as aligning with three different misconceptions: Individuals change, Adaptive mutation, and Acquired traits (see Additional file 1: Table S4).
According to Johnson et al. 1999 correct knowledge about methods of preventing STIs is an essential starting point in the behavior change process for individuals who have misconceptions about behaviors that prevent STI infection.
Cognitive limitations in individuals affected with mental health disorders, and the likelihood of therapeutic misconceptions in individuals with mental health and brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and their immediate family have been reported and discussed [ 8, 9, 11].
These individuals presented the conflicting misconceptions that evolution is a totally random process yet new traits within a population do not appear at random. Figure 3 Percent response to nature of evolution statements.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com