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Using the mouse model of Salmonella infection, IFNγ production has been demonstrated in a variety of individual lymphocyte subsets.
This difference in acute phase peak viral load provides a measurable indicator of protection in future adoptive transfer experiments, essentially establishing a 3 4 log10 reduction in viral load as the benchmark for success, irrespective of whether the transferred cells are bulk lymphocytes, individual lymphocyte subsets, combinations of lymphocyte subsets, or in vitro manipulated lymphocytes.
Of the 12,022 genes surveyed, 2,641 were differentially expressed between individual lymphocyte subsets.
However, individual lymphocyte subsets were not checked, and a functional assay of lymphocytes was not conducted.
Haplotype frequencies of individual lymphocyte subsets were also tested for some chimeric mice, but did not reveal significant differences from the respective frequencies of total lymphocytes (data not shown), suggesting that there is no specific haplotype bias for individual lymphocyte subsets in chimeric mice.
The Bretscher-Cohn model solved many of the difficulties of the previous models of Burnet and colleagues [ 2, 3] and Lederberg [ 4], which proposed a window of obligatory tolerance induction in the ontogeny of the animal [ 2, 3] or of each individual lymphocyte [ 4].
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Individual lymphocytes occur in the vicinity of these particles, but no appreciable inflammatory changes are visible, and no giant cell or granuloma formation can be observed".
Accordingly, the overall function of the immune system may be defined as maintenance of molecular (antigenic) homeostasis (Poletaev, Stepanyuk and Gershwin 2008) and thus a collective basis for reactivity – not the discriminatory power of individual lymphocytes – determines identity and immune specificity (Daëron 2014).
Therefore, computational models are ideal for directly testing the emergence of collective responses from signaling within individual lymphocytes.
Individual lymphocytes appear not to be activated by the treatment, indicating the importance of immune cell interactions in general and macrophages in particular in CHM-mediated lymphocyte activation.
To analyze the motility of stained cells, we acquired time-lapse 3D image series at 15-s intervals and tracked the spatial coordinates of individual lymphocytes.
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