9 We found an indication that authors used more rigorous standards when reporting consent practices at the individual level than at the cluster level: 69% of trials that reported consent at the individual level reported whether the method was written or verbal, but only 53% of trials that reported consent at the cluster level provided such details.
As noted above, there is a difference between simpler test designs for individual-level reporting and decision making and LSAS for group- and population-level reporting.
Equally important, even if health implications are unknown, individual-level report-back can provide an impetus for people to take individual action that could reduce their exposures.
The academic scientists we interviewed reported a wide variation in the willingness of their IRBs to grapple with the bureaucratic and logistical challenges of reviewing and approving individual-level report-back protocols for biomonitoring studies.
Several countries maintain nationwide longitudinal hospital discharge registers with mandatory individual-level reporting of diagnoses.
If countries can integrate these changes within their national HIV policies, and back them up with the necessary resources, they will see significant health benefits at the public health and individual level, the report notes.
SRMs of different measures are compared by the modified jack-knife procedure as described by Angst et al. [ 40]. "Internal" responsiveness on the individual level is reported in this study by use of the "reliable change proportion" statistic (RCP [ 6, 41]).
Standard errors clustered at the individual level are reported in parentheses.
These findings were collected at individual level but reported at population level.
At the individual level, nurses reported economic and professional reasons, validating previous literature.
Administrative claims data are most useful for providing a picture of the population's health problems and the functioning of the health care system, such as estimates of disease prevalence and services provided to patients (e.g. Canadian Institute for Health Information [ 3]) rather than details of individual, patient level reports of care.
