Instead, the emphasis has been on institutional behavior, individual incentives, governance, controls, regulatory restructuring -- in many cases, in bringing markets back.
Gardels, on the other hand, sees it as a worthy endeavor "rooted in China's historical conception of the respective roles of the central state, society and the individual in governance that has sustained continuous rule for millennia".
Plural self-governance, as it corrects for failures of individual self-governance modes, enables market making and market access, reduces transaction costs in contracting, and enables members to build the trust and commitment necessary for collaborations.
The department's reaction is at odds with David Cameron's "golden thread" of development, which promotes the rights and freedoms of individuals, good governance and justice for the poorest people.
During this period greater emphasis was laid upon the civil service system of recruiting officials; this was based upon degrees acquired through competitive examinations, in an effort to select the most capable individuals for governance.
Financing dams and other large development projects went out of fashion, replaced by a new emphasis on making developing countries more friendly toward private entrepreneurs by helping them foster an educated, healthy work force, provide basic infrastructure and, above all, ensure individual freedom, good governance and the rule of law.
Speaking to the Web magazine LiveScience, a spokeswoman for the Natural Marketing Institute suggested that, in addition to shaping individual behavior, tougher governance on environmental issues and stricter codes for things like recycling and appliance efficiency in Europe had "raised awareness of environmental issues in a way that just hasn't happened" in the United States.
It shows how far government has degenerated when radical overhaul is required to restore the core assumption of democratic governance: individual responsibility and accountability.
