First, there's individual giving.
"In individual giving, of course we are worried," says Humphreys.
"So it's really about individual giving and when you have a bad stock market and a difficult economy, the individual giving also tends to suffer," he said.
"But individual giving has remained steady, and our memberships went up last year.
The bride, 51, is the director of individual giving for the New York Philharmonic in Manhattan.
Individual giving at the major gifts level is a medium- to long-term investment.
Helen Shepard – individual giving and legacy fundraising manager at Railway Children.
However, feedback from text donors has led to a really important innovation in individual giving.
By contrast, philanthropic grant funding was worth £3.6bn and individual giving £13.1bn.
"But we've seen a dramatic decrease in the individual giving" that supports its usual work, she said.
Personal income, which has a significant influence on individual giving, grew at the slowest rate since 1993.
