Sentence examples for individual flea from inspiring English sources
All trials were significantly different in their mean R. felis infection load, with Trial 1 fleas and Trial 3 fleas having the lowest and highest individual flea rickettsial loads, respectively.
If an individual flea detects evidence that predators are present, then that flea grows defensive armor.
For individual flea lysates positive for R. felis, R. felis-infection density was examined.
R. felis-infection load was quantified as the copy number of Rf17kDa per individual flea lysate.
The mean quantities of R. felis at each time point for individual flea samples in each trial are presented in Figure 1.
Serial dilutions of pCR4-TOPO-Rf17kDa+Cf18SrDNA were used to generate a standard curve and extrapolate R. felis quantities per individual flea lysate (Table S1a).
Individual fleas collected from infected and uninfected badgers were dissected under a dissecting-microscope.
Total DNA from individual fleas was extracted using a DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen).
Briefly, individual fleas were placed in microcentrifuge tubes partially submerged in liquid nitrogen and pulverized using sterile plastic pestles.
In individual fleas, 3.1×101 to 3.74×105 of Rf17kDa copies per reaction were observed, with only four fleas having detectable Rf17kDa copy numbers (in total lysate) under 1.0×104.
Before each trial (Day 0), colony R. felis-infection prevalence, infection load, and infection density of a minimum of nine individual fleas were assessed.
