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There were individual effects from site on biomass but not for any interactions with nutrient treatments.
Several individual effects from repetition and force were also observed, with the greatest increases in HRHF rat tissues.
Analyses of inequalities using aggregate data cannot separate individual effects from collective effects (Geronimus and Bound, 1998).
Both methods 3 and 4 could be used to differentiate contextual and individual effects from each other.
We observed that muscles and tendons showed a mixture of force x repetition interactions, individual effects from force and/or repetition.
They used the method of Mundlak [ 7], which takes the group means of the time explanatory variables into account in order to remove the time invariant individual effects from the model, thereby allowing for unbiased estimation.
Similar(48)
In general the individual effect from each locus is small, contributing to 10% or less of the total variation, but through use of crosses between inbred rodents the power to detect such effects is high: 39 loci have been reported at stringent levels of significance.
However, readers should note that the technical noise contribution to the variance within and among individuals has not been estimated, and the among-individual effects from the R-squared values are likely an overestimate of the true differences between individuals.
Individual effects ranged from 5.36% to 26.85% of the phenotypic variation, with 27 QTL contributing >10%.
These loci accounted for the phenotypic variance, with individual effects ranging from 4.0 to 8.9% (Table 5).
Seventy QTL were identified: 16 in population 1; 14 in population 2; 25 in population 3; and 15 in population 4. Individual effects ranged from 5.36% to 26.85% of phenotypic variation, with 27 QTL >10%.
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