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To increase the amplitude of individual BOLD responses during scan time, all perceived vowels and tones, as well as the execution of imagery and production, were made to last for 2 whole seconds, with the duration signalled by a green fixation cross that would turn black during resting time.
The general linear model used to calculate the individual BOLD contrast maps (drug epochs and neutral epochs) for each fMRI time series consisted of a box-car design convolved with the canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) and a high-pass filter (cut-off frequency: 1/520 Hz).
Thus, the average BOLD and CM signals in the left and right medial dorsal nuclei of the thalamus (MDTHA; xyz = ±3, −15, 9 mm), cerebellum (CER; culmen; xyz = ±3, −45, −6 mm), and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC; xyz = ±3, 42, −3 mm) were extracted from the individual BOLD and CM maps in 9×9×9 mm3 ROI volumes containing 27 voxels to using IDL.
Individual BOLD time series for each network node mask (6 mm diameter) were generated using a GLM-based design that incorporated regressors denoting potentially confounding factors such as variation in WM, GM, and CSF, and whole brain BOLD signal as implemented in FSL (fsl glm).
Individual BOLD time series for each of the two network node masks (6 mm diameter) were generated using a GLM-based design that incorporated regressors denoting potentially confounding factors such as variation in white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and whole brain BOLD signal as implemented in FSL (fsl glm).
Similar(55)
Because d' was unaffected by individuals' decision criteria, it was then used to correlate with individuals' BOLD activations during learning.
That is to say, the individual still bold enough to put his mind and his knowledge to use in analyzing the world around us, in language that most of us can understand, and with an eye toward effecting practical improvements.
More than any other single individual, his bold decisions to break from the past helped end the Cold War, breach the Berlin Wall and bring freedom to the people of Eastern Europe in a series of mainly peaceful revolutions.
Individual NAc BOLD responses in a similar range (both negative and positive) were demonstrated in a previous study of monetary reward [51].
Individual percentage BOLD signal change values for the fMRI contrasts.
We next correlated mean individual percentage BOLD signal change values from each probabilistic anatomical ROI with face and scene oddity performance (one-tailed, Figure 4).
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