However, no indirect effects of school performances (school grades) could be found.
In addition to these direct effects, indirect effects of school performance and economic competencies were also examined.
In our first meeting, we have given special attention to the issues related to the training process of mentors and the indirect influence on school teachers.
And by improving families' abilities to pay for the direct and indirect costs of school, ELP bolsters countries at the economic level.
Sex, SES (yearly income separated into above and below average), history of breast-feeding (yes or no), paternal education (above and below high school), indirect smoking (yes or no), smoking during pregnancy (yes or no), and the five residential areas were categorical variables.
In fact, Chile implemented a national voucher system in 1980, with the state paying a fixed amount of money to the schools (indirect vouchers) on the basis of enrolment.
We conclude that the very young and old suffer the greatest morbidity due to P&I, and an indirect role for school-aged children in anticipating the risk to others warrants further evaluation.
Indirect costs include missing school or work (absenteeism) and being less productive at school or work (presenteeism), while the direct costs of treating constipation include office visits, diagnostic tests, and medications.
Often, parents cannot afford the direct and indirect costs, such as school books and uniforms, of their children's schooling.
For comparative purposes, it is also important to note that a about a third of the improvement came through indirect effects (changes in school composition) and could therefore not be accounted for when controlling for individual characteristics of migrants alone, which is usually the case when comparing the country-specific schooling outcomes of migrants.
"It might be indirect pressure from the school," Keith Jones, the Young Republicans' vice president, told HuffPost.
