Also, prolonged antibiotic use creates indirect risks to the community at large by promoting resistance of microbes to the drugs.
Indirect risk can be interpreted as risk from consequences disproportionate to the cause of the damage, and so the robustness of a system is indicated by the contribution of these indirect risks to total risk.
This is especially true when addressing impacts from climatic hazards (Yamin et al. 2005a, b; Paul and Routray 2010; Wamsler and Brink 2014) and the harsh features of these hazards, such as speed of onset, severity, and duration that may result in indirect risks such as a sudden rise in food prices due to diminished agricultural production in response to climate extremes.
Nevertheless, hybridizations pose direct and indirect risks.
Are there indirect risks to the welfare of sentient beings?
However, homeopathic practice is vague and unequally regulated in many European countries, and as such associated with indirect risks.
In addition, humans are subject to indirect risks from these pollutants as a result of degraded marine resources, such as fish stocks [ 2].
New analysis is required to better define the risk of death at varying gestational ages, and to separate direct from indirect risks.
Some authors have suggested that homeopathy itself may be considered free of direct risk, whereas it may be associated with indirect risks, related to the prescriber rather than the medicine [ 11, 17].
A new analysis would be required to better delineate the effect of preterm compared to term gestational age, to define the risk of varying gestational ages for death, and to separate direct from indirect risks.
Few established scales of suicide risk assessment were developed and studied [ 18], with some assessing indirect risks such as suicide ideation [ 19], depression or other general health indicaters [ 20].
