However, there was no evidence of a relative afferent pupil defect, nor indeed of an indirect relative afferent pupil defect.
Models predicted the indirect relative risk of achieving NEDA status for fingolimod versus dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide in an average patient from their respective phase 3 trials.
Using the standard Bucher [ 19] method to calculate the indirect relative risk, adjusting for the sham treatment, of dexamethasone versus ranibizumab would lead to indirect probabilities of dexamethasone patients achieving selected outcomes in the setting of the CRUISE trial of >1.
* P < 0.05, means and proportions tested against the total sample 1 direct = sociotherapy group participants; indirect = relatives, friends or close collaborators of sociotherapy group participants; control = random community sample.
When undertaking indirect comparisons, relative risk (RR) is often suggested as an appropriate indicator of treatment effect, particularly where baseline (common comparator) risks differ.
As a second example, we vary the average of one indirect link relative to the average of the other indirect link, i.e., (R_{2} =frac {1}{mathbb {E}lbrace |h_{21}|^{2} rbrace } = mathbb {E}lbrace |h_{12}|^{2} rbrace ).
Second, how strong are indirect effects relative to the direct effects of climate change?
Here we evaluated the precision and accuracy of reconstructed ratios from three indirect methods relative to ratios obtained from direct hybridizations, herein considered as the gold-standard.
This subset of samples was used to verify the independence of the proposed rec-gE indirect ELISA relative to the diagnostic blocking ELISA.
The risk for suspected case status increased as exposure to swine increased from no exposure (referent) to indirect exposure (relative risk [RR] 2.1; 95% CI 0.2 53.4) to direct exposure (RR 4.4; 95% CI 0.8 116.3; p = 0.07 by Cochran-Armitage trend test); however, these differences were not statistically significant (Table 4).
It is based on the concept of inclusive fitness, which is made up of individual survival and reproduction (direct fitness) and any impact that an individual has on the survival and reproduction of relatives (indirect fitness).
