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Since the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, within Africa ruggedness has also had a historic indirect positive effect on income.
The evolution of service level is considered to characterize the indirect positive effect of service investment on demand.
Crabs also did not appear to reduce individual drill feeding rates (i.e. an intimidation effect) or initiate a strong indirect positive effect on oyster survival.
Study 2 with 106 local council employees used a time-ordered research design (time lag of 10 months) and replicated the TSC moderation effect in the context of an indirect positive effect of task conflict (through relationship conflict) on psychological strain, job burnout, and turnover intentions, but not job dissatisfaction.
Land availability has an indirect positive effect on farmers' willingness to participate.
They had a strong impact on grazers and an indirect positive effect on periphyton on the substrate, probably due to the reduction of grazing snails.
Similar(44)
Thus, C. diogenes can affect S. hineana through both direct, negative and indirect positive effects.
Past projects include modeling indirect positive effects from fishing-induced competitive release and the effects of size-specific obligate predation on post-harvest recovery time.
If a species is bycatch in a fishery targeted at its competitor or predator, it experiences both direct anthropogenic mortality and indirect positive effects through species interactions.
This approach aimed at drawing out the latent potential of the host for efficient polymer production via indirect positive effects.
To measure the trade-off between direct mortality and indirect positive effects, we developed a "bycatch transition point" metric to determine, for different scenarios, what levels of bycatch shift overall harvest impact from positive to negative.
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