Patients underwent eye examination consisting of measuring visual acuity with pinhole, intraocular pressure (Goldmann tonometer), ectoscopy, biomicroscopy, and fundoscopy under mydriasis by indirect ophthalmoscopy lens of 20 diopters before and after 30 days of treatment.
Fundus morphology was assessed with direct ophthalmoscope using red-free illumination and indirect fundus lens (78 D or 90 D) at the slit lamp.
Stereoscopic fundus examination was done using 90-diopter lens and indirect ophthalmoscopy using 20-diopter lens.
Fundoscopy examination was performed independently by a cataract surgeon and an ophthalmologist using indirect ophthalmoscope and 20Ds lens after full dilatation of the subject's pupil.
In this paper, we quantify the presence of veiling glare and related optical artifacts for several types of digital cameras, and we describe two methods for removing them: deconvolution by a measured glare spread function, and a novel direct-indirect separation of the lens transport using a structured occlusion mask.
This examination consisted of funduscopy by slit-lamp with 90 D lenses and indirect ophthalmoscopy.
Ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity (by means of snellen charts), intraocular pressure (using Applanation Tonometry), fundoscopy (utilizing slit lamp and contact lenses) and indirect ophthalmoscopy were also completed.
The following tools were used for ophthalmic examinations; Snellen visual acuity charts, Schiotz tonometer, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp biomicroscope, 20D Volk lens, 90D Volk lens, and Goldmann three-mirror lens.
Secondary aims were to assess user and patient experiences during image acquisition, interuser reproducibility, and subjective image quality.The system captures images using a macro lens and an indirect ophthalmoscopy lens coupled with an iPhone 5S.
Disease activity is monitored through a combination of patient symptoms, clinical examination (including slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and direct contact lens biomicroscopy), and retinal imaging studies [1].
