We accounted for the direct effects of age in our models, but there may have been indirect or interactive effects for which we did not account.
Importantly, because many but not all risk factors will directly influence neuropathology, this will entail careful mediation models to decompose direct, indirect, and interactive pathways.
For all significant rGE detected in Step 2, one conducts path analysis employing structural equation models, adjusted for various confounders, to further explore the direct, indirect, and interactive associations of the genetic and social/behavioural factors with the health outcome (see Figure 1 for the analytical framework).
No evidence is found either in favour of an indirect effect of the interactive use of MCS on performance acting through innovation.
In this study, we calibrated an ecohydrological model (WAVES) and used this model to estimate the direct and indirect effects and the interactive effect between climate change and eCO2 on water availability in four different catchments in Australia with contrasting climate regime and vegetation cover.
Moreover, assessments of the relationship between drivers and vital rates need to consider interactive, nonlinear and indirect effects, as well as effects of intraspecific density dependence.
As a result, high interactivity in data visualization showed significant indirect effects on participants' attitudes toward policy change, only when presented with the highly interactive narrative.
In addition, direct effects at one point in such interactive systems may be amplified and produce indirect damage at other points within the network.
Interactive pathways were generated to observe potential direct and indirect relations among the differentially expressed proteins.
For the latest iteration of Indirect Flights, Hamilton takes his meticulously layered collage work online as an interactive artwork.
