The PAT/PET ratio was used as an indirect index of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Under these conditions, presence of the normally retained subunit on the cell surface can be used as an indirect index of protein assembly in the ER.
So, we chose to minimize the excess power production as an indirect index for cost which makes the system the most efficient.
In this case, time resolved PL spectra were collected, and PL intensity, as well as FWHM of PL was utilized as an indirect index to evaluate the PL efficiency and size distribution.
Pulsed-wave Doppler was used to measure pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAT) and pulmonary artery ejection time (PET), and the PAT/PET ratio was used as an indirect index of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Liver tissues were taken for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH) levels, a key antioxidant; protein carbonyl concentration (protein oxidation) (PO), a specific marker of oxidative damage of proteins; and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as an indirect index of neutrophil infiltration.
Renal function tests (urea, creatinine), systemic inflammation markers [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] and renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) as an end product of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant parameter and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an indirect index of neutrophil infiltration were studied.
Moreover, this interpretation, although relying on an indirect index, can account for the differences in final muscle mass.
The molar ratio between platelet serotonin and 5-HIAA levels was calculated and used as an indirect index of MAO-A activity.
For MPO analysis, as an indirect index of neutrophil accumulation, spleen and liver homogenates were prepared in 1 ml of PBS containing 0.5% hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) and 5 mM EDTA using a Dispomix tissue homogenizer (Medic Tools) and the protocol was followed as already described [49].
These metabolites were considered an indirect index of lipid peroxidation.
