There is, however, one possible indirect hazard: If glued-together animal protein is not thoroughly cooked, dangerous bacteria that originally contaminated the meat could remain viable within the fused product.
The effects of hospital participation on overall survival in terms of natural direct and indirect hazard ratios can be summarized as follows (Table 3): The total HR of 0.58 was decomposed into a direct HR of research-activity of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.92) and an indirect HR for both mediators of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.98).
Identification of these explicit links within the broader hazard surveillance category introduces the concept of surveillance of indirect hazards (e.g., biodiversity) [ 46, 47].
With respect to the provisions of the new European EMF directive 2013/35/EU regarding the protection of workers' safety and health against direct and indirect hazards near EMF sources, in the process of health surveillance, which should be provided by employers to all workers, the indirect hazards related to EMF emitted by SWD should be managed for workers using AIMD.
The new important aspect of presented study was to distinguish between assessment based on limits provided to protect against direct hazards for workers and general public (with regard to the time-averaged RF EMF exposure) and limits provided to protect against indirect hazards for AIMD users (with regard to the exposure not averaged in time).
The New European Directive 2013/35/EU on the protection of workers against health and safety hazards caused by EMF exposure stresses the need to assess any direct and indirect hazards from electromagnetic interaction on workers, with special attention to the users of AIMD [ 16].
Indirect EMF hazards were assessed according to the opinion given by European Standard No. EN50527-1 2010 that the electromagnetic immunity of AIMDs depends on the EMF values nonaveraged over time [ 7].
The emphasis of training and preparedness for terrorist incidents has been primarily on the direct threats, but the published literature suggests that the dominant causes of mortality and morbidity in responders after such incidents are the indirect environmental hazards.
Direct and indirect electromagnetic hazards were found near SWD devices in the distance from applicators not exceeding 150 cm similar to previous reports from the literature [ 12, 14, 15].
The nature of indirect EMF hazards caused near SWD by unintentional RF EMF exposure for AIMD users who are not workers is the same as for workers, and safety of both groups of AIMD users may be assessed following unified rules.
Because of that, for the employer and for a body in charge of the safety of visitors in the physiotherapy centre, it is important to present in this paper general data related to the direct and indirect EMF hazards for workers, patients, and other persons present near active SWD, including AIMD users safety.
