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If it is to be truly zealous about separating church and state in its traditional sense of outlawing the indirect flow of public money to sectarian schools (as opposed, say, to preventing the establishment of a state religion) then the logic of its position is that it should also outlaw tax breaks.
Thus, there is always an indirect flow of goods and services, rendering health care environments and all of their participants very susceptible to known quality control as well as economic dilemmas (e.g. principal agent, ex post and ex ante moral hazard, adverse selection, information asymmetry).
This indirect flow of construction materials grew from around 230 million tonnes in 1995 to more than 3 billion tonnes in 2011 and was thus far above flows of other key raw materials extracted in China and serving EU final demand, such as coal (394 million tonnes) or iron ores (157 million tonnes).
Indirect flow measurement was carried out by Masterflex peristaltic pump.
Cyto-adherence of Mmm to mammalian host cells was studied using an indirect, flow cytometric assay.
Mmm cyto-adherence kinetics were analyzed using an indirect flow cytometry assay with appropriate controls using unstained lung epithelial cells without adherent mycoplasmas to set the fluorescence cut-off level.
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We then give a new notion of non-interference for Boundary Ambients aiming at capturing indirect flows, too.
This paper considers the measurement of the direct and indirect flows of knowledge between different technology-intensive industries in France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the United States.
TMC (Total Material Consumption) takes both indirect flows (only at national level) and used as well as unused extraction into account.
Also, Wareham et al. [76] found that network externalities have an impact on supply chain performance and can lead to more efficient, direct and indirect flows in information.
WIO-MFA provides the composition of materials in commodities by counting the direct and indirect flows of materials in an economy based on IO analysis.
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