Path models can estimate not only the direct effect of a variable on annoyance but also the indirect effect of the variable via other variables.
Notes: Degree of mediation attributed to each satisfaction variable was calculated as the indirect effect for that variable divided by the total effect for physical or mental health status.
Differences in grazing appear to be a complex consequence of direct and indirect effects of variable oceanographic conditions, limpet recruitment, and barnacle abundance.
Path analysis permits the inclusion of multiple independent and multiple dependent variables, providing flexibility for simultaneous regression models, and insight into direct and indirect effects of variables [ 36].
45 The Sobel test was used to statistically evaluate whether the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator variable was significant.
Finally, the Sobel test showed that the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable though the mediator variable was significant (Sobel statistic=2.14; statistic=2.143).
Furthermore, the Sobel test for the second alternative mediation model showed that the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator variable was not significant (Sobel statistic=1.63 statistic=1.63).
The advantage of path analysis is that it permits the partitioning of the correlation coefficient into its components, one component being the path coefficient that measures the direct effect of a predictor variable upon its response variable; the second component being the indirect effect(s) of a predictor variable on the response variable through another predictor variable [26].
To test this model, the total, direct, and indirect effects among variables were computed.
On the other hand, the SEM analysis procedures can examine both direct and indirect effects of variables, as well as explore the complex causal relationship involved in the process [ 3, 18].
From the result of the parsimonious path model, the direct and indirect effects of variables on ln(Y), Y = WTH-21, are as follows: z-PTH and z-PO4 had significant direct effects of -0.112 (p-value = 0.011) and -0.137 (p-value = 0.016), respectively.
