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Will the direct benefits of a change be wiped out by these indirect changes elsewhere in the system?
It brought countless indirect changes too of course, but they are hard to measure.
It can, e.g., lead to a negative balance of greenhouse gases if it results in certain direct or indirect changes in land use[8, 9].
The indirect changes in soil microbial activity triggered by the addition of biochar, resulting in increased mineralization of native SOC can influence microbial C cycling processes in soils.
One of those, which has induced both direct and indirect changes to land use, and accelerated the urban growth, is the construction of motorways.
The manipulation of habitat through thinning and logging activities may have cascading effects on fauna because of direct and indirect changes to key habitat features.
Similar(29)
Also, the correlation between quasi-indirect and indirect change scores might be spuriously strong due to the fact that the post-test measurement is used to compute both indirect and quasi-indirect change scores.
To our knowledge, there has only been one other study to analyse the use of a multi-item approach in transition ratings in direct comparison to indirect change measures [ 15].
Direct change measurement reflects different aspects of change compared to indirect and quasi-indirect change measurements but is not necessarily biased by patients' present states.
Indirect and quasi-indirect change measurements both yielded comparable results measurements, indicating that recall bias does not necessarily affect quasi-indirect change measurements and that the quasi-indirect method has the potential to serve as a substitute for the indirect method (pre-post measurements).
A future challenge to research would be to test these moderator variables and also identify additional conditional factors that would allow both indirect and quasi-indirect change measurements to produce equivalent results.
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