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In many cases, despite efforts to improve access to health and education services, many of the poorest are still missing out faced with indirect barriers that prevent them from benefiting from these public services.
Understanding these issues is an important goal for researchers and policymakers, as direct and indirect barriers can potentially have deleterious health effects by discouraging individuals from using necessary health care services, and contribute to dissatisfaction with a health care system.
Law can support these policies by eliminating some of the indirect barriers to accessing health care services; for example, by formalising a worker's entitlement to a minimum number of paid days off work due to illness.
We cannot tell whether differences in women doctors' specialty destinations, compared with those of men, particularly the low percentages of women in the surgical specialties, have resulted from indirect barriers to women or from women's professional preferences.
Similar(56)
The influence of indirect barrier states seems to play no significant role, which can be explained by the strong quantum confinement of the barrier states impeding carrier transport through the satellite valleys.
Some have taken the view that it is in itself a deeply retrograde and undemocratic step; others have lauded it as exposing the implicit undemocratic nature of the electoral college itself that imposes an indirect barrier between presidential candidate and people.
We cannot rule out the possibility that it may, in some respects, be an indirect barrier.
Other indirect financial barriers include transport cost to and from the health facility [ 55], and minor personal items required for delivery [ 23, 47].
Direct and indirect cost barriers are highest during the rainy season, a difficult period for many rural households, as food and financial reserves run low but the harvest is not yet available.
In addition, a woman's early contact with the health care system may also reduce cognitive, psychosocial, and indirect financial barriers - in the forms of time and opportunity costs - to subsequent FP service use.
This research highlights the need for incorporating independent or indirect measures of barrier variables for comparison with preparedness behaviors.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com