The estimation of total titratable acidity establishes an indirect measure of the amount of saliva buffer required to provide the medicine with a neutral pH.
Correlation between repeated measurements provide an indirect measure of the amount error in a score.
While useful to quantify fatty degeneration of rotator cuff muscles, CT analysis only provides an indirect measure of the amount of muscle lipid or fibrosis.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) value is a useful measure of water quality that indicates the oxygen concentration required to oxidize all carbon compounds in a solution and is commonly used as an indirect measure of the amount of organic compounds present in wastewater.
Hospitalization accounts for 61% to 90% of costs, and indirect costs amount to 24% of the total per case.
"Indirect costs amount to at least $221 billion, about $169 billion of which comes from what researchers consider to be the impact on victims' quality of life.
Children, either direct victims of torture or indirect ones, amount to 2,520 (Table 2).
Spain is believed to lose 13 million working days every year because of migraine [ 10], and its direct and indirect costs amount to 1076 million Euros, of which 65% is accounted for by indirect costs [ 5].
The amount of aliphatic amines in urine is thus an indirect measure of how much choline is available.
These estimates are higher than the ones reported by Arredondo et al. (2005) using different methodology [ 22], where the total direct and indirect cost amounted to USD$317,631,2066 (see III. Discussion).
