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Invasive mice have direct and indirect adverse effects on invertebrates, birds and plants [e.g. 21 and references therein] on Marion Island and numerous other islands worldwide [38] but have hitherto not been suspected of having adverse effects on marine mammals, particularly seals.
Furthermore, none of these studies aimed to delineate adverse direct effects of dietary fatty acids from indirect adverse effects caused by the increased body adiposity.
In addition, active disease and extended duration of disease also have indirect adverse effects on bone, combined with the use of steroids and even methotrexate.
Second, pre-existing diabetes may also have indirect adverse effects on cancer outcome by influencing patients or providers to make different clinical decisions regarding cancer screening and cancer treatment.
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Luckily, we were repeatedly reassured that "any indirect adverse effect on women is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim", which made women doctors feel much better.
However, an indirect adverse effect on the asserted right of the individual will not preclude the exercise of governmental power when the power is shown to exist and its assertion is necessitated by the exigencies of the public wellbeing.
In this study, we hypothesized that triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), or Ca(OH 2 has an indirect adverse effect on the survival of stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) by dentin conditioning.
A short-fall on the supply-side of health insurance could lead to a direct or indirect adverse effect on the demand-side of the scheme.
However, our data indicated that the impact of earthquake related material loss on QOL was independent of its indirect adverse effect, mediated by higher rates of physical and mental morbidity, and the association of amount of material losses to QOL remained significant even after controlling for physical illnesses and past/concurrent psychopathology.
This type of aquatic pollution has indirect or direct adverse effects on the biosphere [1].
Nitrate in groundwater may also mobilize toxic trace metals (e.g. nickel) by oxidation of metal containing sulfides (e.g. pyrite), possibly resulting in indirect adverse health effects as a result of elevated nitrate in drinking water [ 30].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com