Sentence examples for indigenous identification from inspiring English sources

The results from Table 8 indicate that the earnings penalty for Indigenous identification only occurs in the lowest education quartile, whereas the penalty for speaking an Indigenous language only occurs at the third and fourth education quartiles.

The results from Table 9 indicate that the earnings penalty for Indigenous identification only occurs at the second ability quartile, whereas the penalty for speaking an indigenous language only occurs at the first and third ability quartiles.

The most general finding of this paper is that Indigenous identification carries an earnings penalty compared to non-Indigenous workers and that workers self-identified as Indigenous who preserve their Indigenous roots, which manifests in their ability to speak an Indigenous language, have an even larger earnings penalty.

Patterns of Indigenous identification may change over time.

Other methods have been suggested for improving the quality of Indigenous identification in administrative data sets.

These approaches can also provide insight into changes in Indigenous identification over time.

Throughout this study we have used Indigenous self-identification as a key variable.

To this end we identified individuals who changed the response to the Indigenous self-identification question.

However, the estimates on Indigenous self-identification and speaking an Indigenous language remain significant and of the same order of magnitude.

The results indicate that whether or not we include speaking Spanish at home, there are large earnings penalties associated with Indigenous self-identification and speaking an Indigenous language.

Therefore, the finding that Indigenous self-identification carries an earnings penalty and that the penalty is higher if the individual is also capable of speaking an Indigenous language is at odds with the ideological and legal environment of Mexico.