From the very beginning, these children face obstacle after obstacle--poverty...malnutrition...discrimination based on race, or class, or gender, or religion, or indigenous or citizenship status... schools without the capacity to provide them with the support and education they need to thrive... and more.
Almost all these indicators have gotten steadily worse since 1967, when indigenous Australians won citizenship.
As a result, the country's constitution does not include them among indigenous groups qualifying for citizenship.
Much of the animosity towards multiculturalism, however, involves immigrant-driven diversity, in particular Muslim immigrants, as there is no similar retreat from the commitment to multicultural citizenship for indigenous peoples or national minorities (Kymlicka, 2012).1 In fact, multiculturalism is criticized for numerous reasons (Vertovec & Wessendorf, 2010b).
A year earlier, Abdullah had mentioned the most "significant aspect" of the social contract as "the agreement by the indigenous peoples to grant citizenship to the immigrant Chinese and Indians".
The Myanmar government holds the position that Rohingya Muslims are migrants from Bangladesh and Myanmar's constitution does not include them among indigenous groups qualifying for citizenship.
Legislation of 1944 empowered indigenous people to apply for citizenship, but under such limited terms that few benefited.
An Indigenous man who renounced his Australian citizenship to head a self-declared nation has been arrested in the dock after refusing to acknowledge his former name in court for the second day in a row.
Acceptance in Latin American nation states of a multicultural citizenship which is inclusive of indigenous groups has become standard practice on the statute books.
The Rohingya were not included as one of the country's 135 official indigenous ethnic groups in the notorious 1982 citizenship act.From then on, the Rohingya were subjected to waves of attacks by the Burmese army as well as the Rakhine.
