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As validity indicators, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the items.
As validity indicators, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and the positive and negative predictive values for each pair, trio of item and for the 4 items.
For key indicators we calculated proportions and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for clustering of sick child consultations performed by the same HSA (StataCorp 2007).
Regarding concurrent validity for polypharmacy indicators, we calculated sensitivity and specificity as well as positive and negative predictive value according to cut-offs of the number of drugs in the medication list.
Similar(56)
For each indicator, we calculated two measures of practice performance.
To explore the stability of the indicator, we calculated the correlation of the indicator between two subsequent years.
Thus for a second, more descriptive indicator, we calculated the lifetime cancer risk using the T25 method [ 31].
As an alternative drinking water quality indicator, we calculated the fraction of recharge zones in residential, commercial, and pesticide land use areas.
As an additional indicator, we calculated the annual provincial ratios of dispensing of weak POs/strong POs for the years 2005 and 2012 each.
For each indicator, we calculated frequencies, or means and medians, in 1993 and 2012 and compared them using Pearson's Chi2 test for categorical variables or t-Student test for continue quantitative variables.
For each practice and each clinical indicator we calculated the rate of exception reporting as the number of excepted patients divided by the number of eligible patients: ERi=Ei/(Ei+Di) Where Ei is the number of patients exception reported for that indicator and Di is the number of patients meeting the criteria for the indicator and not excepted by the practice.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com