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A set of four binary indicators was created to reflect the four possible combinations: self-respondent at both interviews, self-respondent at baseline but proxy-respondent at the final follow-up, proxy-respondent at baseline but self-respondent at the final follow-up, and proxy-respondent at both interviews.
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Based on this, TP53 bi-allelic inactivation and amplification of CKS1B were considered adverse genetic features, and indicators were created for all patients for the presence of at least one or both of these factors.
Binary item disengagement indicators were created by means of item response time thresholds.
Indicator variables were constructed for each of the other three levels of the variables (e.g., indicators were created for tenured faculty, lecturers, and GTAs for the instructor variable).
Furthermore, in each case the indicators were created for one locality (US or UK), whilst what is appropriate in one may not be so in another [15]: not only do perceptions of quality depend upon culture, past experience and expectation but what is reasonably achievable in terms of quality varies with health-service resources and infrastructure.
"Better indicators are created by making meaningful connections between traditional and nontraditional data," Tavares says.
Based on the responses, two HIV prevention indicators were created.
Indicators were created for each inflammatory outcome individually.
Indicators were created for poorly graded tumor and surgery of primary site, respectively.
These composite indicators are created by Exploratory Factor Analysis technique (EFA).
2 These indicators were created as part of a baseline study in the seven LDs to define access to ECD services.
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