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The variation in climate change indicators values between the extremes of landscape gradients was assessed through their estimated marginal means at a given habitat, calculated at covariates' means (i.e. average thermal environments).
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For example, a shift of 'high' in the 2020s would re-standardise the indicator values between the 2020s maximum and a point at the midpoint of the current EU distribution for that variable (see Online Resource 3).
There were some inconsistencies among the indicators values between national and international sources.
The three single factors are combined in formula 5 in a linear way so that only indicator values between 0 (indicating low resilience) and 1 (indicating high resilience) are produced.
Potential nonlinear relationships between the indicator values and the corresponding status of an ecosystem could be expected.
Identification of sustainability deficits: a comparison between the current indicator values and the favored target values (as explained in step 2) allowed identification of deficits threatening sustainability.
However, almost all other indicators display a relatively inhomogeneous distribution of the metric values between the BuSs.
Since it is not plausible that the other research performance indicators under consideration must be directly related to citations and, thus, to the research outcome, we assume that correlations between the indicator values are low and, therefore, in the following we will examine whether the citation metrics subsequently considered are valid in terms of discriminant validity.
The indicator values from these sources were taken as the basic sources of education related indicators.
All the indicator values were double checked against their values in the indicator document.
Some indicator values showed measurement changes across the study years.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com