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She also calculated a political instability index using an analysis of state failure and conflict published by the Fund for Peace, a research organization that combines 12 social, economic and political indicators to estimate the relative stability of the world's nations.
The article uses three new congestion indicators to estimate urban traffic congestion based on travelers' feelings.
One of the most usual indicators to estimate energy demand is the GDP growth rate.
However, TAN and free ammonia would be more significant indicators to estimate the methane productivity in this study.
In the first block of the framework in Fig. 4, the studies generally adopted the approach of using the inventive output of universities/PRIs as proxy indicators to estimate their social and economic impact.
Oxygen consumed by organic matters is used to estimate the content of organic material in water indirectly, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) is one of the effective indicators to estimate the amount of organic matter.
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However, the year of presentation to hospital for each patient was used as a surrogate indicator to estimate the different circulating dengue serotypes in each epidemic year.
A main assumption is made, that species density, i.e. the number of plant species per unit area, could be used as a good indicator to estimate spatial biodiversity changes due to land-cover changes.
The consumer satisfaction is an indicator to estimate how likely a customer will make a purchase in the future and it is used as a metric very useful in managing and monitoring the company businesses.
'GPON network indicator' section outlines the GPON architecture and defines an indicator to estimate the number of active APs.
First, the user throughput is used as a key indicator to estimate QoS of data traffic in mobile networks.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com