With a reduction in use of pulmonary artery catheters and given the complexity of dye indicator techniques, the single thermal dilution technique has become the predominant technique for determination of EVLW, derived from the mean transit time of the thermal signal through the lungs.
The total phenolic contents were determined using the modified Folin-Ciocalteu indicator technique [28].
Individual feed intake was estimated using the alkane double-indicator technique.
The damage force indicator technique is used to locate the porous region in a beam and also to find its length, using the measured wave propagation responses.
The single-indicator technique is therefore used in clinical settings; this method is as sensitive as the double-indicator technique [ 23, 24].
Hence, the single-indicator technique is used in clinical settings; this method is as sensitive as the double-indicator technique [ 17, 18].
For EVLW evaluation in the clinical setting, the double-indicator technique has been replaced by the single-indicator technique, which is implemented in the PiCCO monitoring system (Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany).
The PiCCO catheter system uses a single thermal indicator technique to determine EVLW, CO, and volumetric parameters.
This monitor uses a single-thermal indicator technique to calculate the cardiac output, global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), and EVLW.
EVLW was assessed by the transpulmonary double indicator technique with intravenous injections of ice-cold indocyanine green (ICG).
