Both indicators have been reported to be more sensitive to auditory damage than hearing thresholds at conventional frequencies [ 33].
In recent years, numerous prognostic indicators have been reported to be useful in predicting long-term prognosis of CHF patients: meta-analysis reviews have prompted a few candidates such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as predictors of SCD in DCM patients [ 21– 23].
This indicator has been reported to be useful for mapping health inequalities [ 44].
The waist/hip ratio, an indicator of obesity, was reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular mortality [ 41].
In this regard, several studies have demonstrated relationships among obesity, inflammation, IR, and CVD in adults and children (17), and associated changes in vascular functionality and structure have been reported to be indicators of early development of atherosclerosis (18).
Increased pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity, two indicators of arterial stiffness, were reported to be risk factors of rapid decline of renal function in CKD patients [ 19, 20] and in patients with relative normal baseline renal function [ 21, 22].
Vulnerability factors have been reported to be risk indicators for alcohol dependence [ 6], and nicotine dependence has also been associated with vulnerability to psychopathology [ 7].
Serum AST and ALT levels have been reported to be sensitive indicators of liver injury, since an increase in these values reflects leakage from injured hepatocytes [ 42].
In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms signatures within the INPP4B gene have been reported to be prominent indicators of daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in lymphoblastoid cells.
Over 20 clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters have been studied, including variables reported to be important indicators of prognosis in previous series, and these variables have been subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.
