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The 78-author paper, published Sunday in Nature Geoscience, used a variety of indirect indicators of temperature, from tree rings to pollen grains, to build on other work charting temperature shifts since the end of the last ice age — including the recent Marcott et al paper, explored here, which used seabed sediments to chart 11,000 years of temperatures.
The team's extensive analysis of tree rings prime indicators of temperature and precipitation showed that wet and warm summers facilitated Roman and medieval prosperity, while increased climate variability between 250 and 600 ce coincided with the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the turmoil that pervaded the migration period.
We constructed different indicators of temperature exposure based on daily minimum, maximum, and mean LST, as well as the temperature amplitudes (difference between maximum and minimum).
53 Indicators of temperature and altitude, considered to define vector survival and sporogeny, were not found to be associated with P. vivax seroprevalence, and not retained in the final multivariate model.
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Monthly averages of daily maximum temperatures, as indicators of typical temperatures during the hottest part of the day, and corresponding water vapour pressures produced estimates of monthly WBGT indoors (without cooling systems) or outdoors in the shade.
This field of study uses sophisticated statistical methods to derive meaning from scattered and variegated indirect indicators of past temperature — with tree rings being the most familiar example.
For the evaluation of the climatic situation, the average indicator values of temperature and humidity were calculated for each measurement period since 1985.
In addition, for each relevé we calculated the mean Ellenberg indicator values of temperature and moisture weighted on species cover.
41 An analysis examining the effect indicators of the temperature-mortality association in 107 US cities found that age, cause of death, place of death, median household income, unemployment rate, usage of air conditioning and education level were potential markers of vulnerability to temperature extremes.
In particular, the scale of the indicators for temperature and light was extended from 9 to 12, so as to include the warmer and brighter conditions of the Mediterranean relative to the conditions in continental Europe ones.
Temperature recorded was taken to represent body temperature of the instrumented toad during activity experiments and field deployments; ambient temperature is generally an accurate indicator of body temperature in toads [25], [26].
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