Thus, for these patients, elevated lactate may serve as an early indicator of shock before blood pressure or heart rate becomes abnormal [[4]].
In recently published studies, a high PTX3 level has been shown to be associated with mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock [7], and to be an early indicator of shock in severe meningococcal disease [8].
In accord with the present findings, a high PTX3 level has previously been shown to be associated with mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock [7] and to be an early indicator of shock in severe meningococcal disease [8].
Global tissue hypoxia as a result of systemic inflammatory response or circulatory failure is an important indicator of shock preceding multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
The third parameter of the BIG score, base deficit (BD), was shown to be a valuable indicator of shock, abdominal injury, fluid requirements, efficacy of resuscitation, and a predictor of mortality after trauma [ 26- 31].
In previous studies, BD has been shown to be a valuable indicator of shock and the efficacy of resuscitation and is more reflective of the true volume deficit [ 16].
See related commentary by Bellomo et al., Global tissue hypoxia as a result from systemic inflammatory response or circulatory failure is an important indicator of shock preceding multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Decreased splanchnic perfusion precedes the appearance of the usual indicators of hypovolemic shock, such as hypotension and lactic acidosis [ 3, 4, 5].
Among all parameters tested, SOFA score and S1P emerged as the most powerful indicators of septic shock, with almost identical AUCs of 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.82-0.95) for S1P and 0.87 (95%% CI 0.81-0.95) for SOFA score (Fig. 4).
Our review suggests additional research on measuring and harmonizing indicators of health shocks and economic outcomes, measuring economic implications of non-communicable diseases for households and analyses based on longitudinal data.
