Although cytokines have been extensively evaluated in GCF as quantitative biochemical indicators of inflammatory periodontal status [10], there has been an increasing interest on understanding their contributions as mediators of OTM owing to their role in bone and tissue remodeling.
Most biomarkers in GCF and saliva are indicators of inflammatory events that precede the destruction of the alveolar bone [ 26].
Inflammatory cytokines are also physiological mediators, not merely indicators, of inflammatory processes, cytotoxity, cell injury and osteoclast activity (and therefore mediators of bone resorption) [ 78- 80].
Other tests of inflammation such as total leukocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts and fibrinogen concentration have been more readily available to equine practitioners, but are rather insensitive indicators of inflammatory diseases in horses [ 4- 6].
Increased protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and catabolic factors (ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5) are considerd to be solid indicators of inflammatory catabolic changes in intervertebral discs [ 16– 18, 58– 60].
HGA is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and malaise, as well as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein and liver transaminases, which are indicators of inflammatory response and hepatic injury, respectively [ 2].
The objectives of this study are to demonstrate preoperative significance of RDW as a simple and easily available indicator of inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients scheduled for surgery with the indication of CHD and its applicability as a predictive marker of both clinical status of the patient during postoperative follow-up period and in-patient morbidity and mortality.
