"My personal view," he said, "and this is open to debate, is that BIS monitoring should be used in all patients having a general anesthetic with a muscle relaxant, because a muscle relaxant removes the most reliable indicator of awareness: patient movement".
EMG is generated at brain stem level; therefore, the presence of EMG is not a direct indicator of awareness.
This item was omitted from the awareness index because the research team wanted to test the responses for correlation independently with the index to help provide confirmation for its validity as an indicator of awareness.
Using 'recognition' of warning signs as the indicator of awareness (rather than recall of warning signs) may overestimate awareness; but given that in everyday life, the challenge for the individual is to recognise that a symptom they are experiencing may be a sign of cancer, recognition has been argued to be the most appropriate measure (Waller et al, 2004).
While first-generation status and gender were not statistically significant predictors, they showed strong association with some indicators of the Awareness and Perception constructs, respectively.
Further, drinking milk and having not heard of osteoporosis were significantly associated with a higher quantitative US measurement (P < 0.05), while other indicators of osteoporosis awareness were not associated with quantitative US values (P > 0.05).
Verplanken and Orbell (2003) specified that items 1, 7, and 12 pertain to frequency, and Honkanen, Olsen, and Verplanken (2005) identified items 3, 4, and 10 as respective indicators of lack of awareness, lack of control, and mental efficiency.
Monitoring non-natural mortality seems to be a good indicator of social awareness and landscape use.
However if we take prevalence of articles in major newspapers as an indicator of public awareness,c the general public in New Zealand knew little of the policy until 2006.
