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Until recently, serological and behavioural evidence relating to HIV among MSM in Portugal was scarce, apart from the necessarily succinct indicators obtained through routine national HIV surveillance.
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This is achieved through the use of both traditional statistics indicators (obtained from the Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) system) and the user information obtained from the mobile traces gathered both in LTE and in the co-existing uRAT.
Country-level indicators were obtained through several data banks.
The TZM-bl indicator cell line [63], obtained through the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, and 293T cells were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin and 29.2 mM glutamine (DMEM-10).
Both the tissue and fluorescent indicators of the BMNs were obtained through fluorescence microscopy (IX70, Olympus, Japan).
Comprehensive literature review on the topic (i.e. systematic literature review in phase 1) and recommendation of a preliminary set of quality indicators within the quality framework obtained through the first expert panel.
In the sociodental approach (SDA) model, subjective perceptions of need are measured using an oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) indicator while normative assessments are obtained through clinical oral examination.
Localization capability of tags can be obtained through the exploitation of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or phase estimates [5].
The ideal biomarker would be a dose-dependent indicator of exposure, in addition to a predictor of physiologic effects, and obtained through noninvasive techniques.
Then, the composite indicator of gender equality, i.e. the GES, expressed as factor scores obtained through classical factor analysis and used in a regression framework may provide less biased results than expected.
With additional effort – hopefully in the near future – the third indicator (share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector) can also be obtained through the introduction of a special food security module mentioned under MDG 1.
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