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Tables 1 and 2 list the values of the H and D indicators obtained by different methods when tackling DTLZ test suites, respectively, where the data shown in bold typeface are the best.
The paper describes a methodology to approximate these using new indicators obtained by summation in columns and rows of the technical coefficients (colsums sca j and rowsums sra i ).
Each member of the population is evaluated by computing a number of performance indicators obtained by the analysis of the assignment of the O/D demand associated to the considered networks.
With this motivation, this study compares a "conventional" environmental efficiency indicator (i.e., production per unit of environmental impact) with a "DEA-based" environmental efficiency indicator and examines how the efficiency indicators obtained by the "simplified" efficiency analysis differ from those endogenously determined by the DEA analysis based on economic theory (Cooper et al. 2007).
Consider how a researcher might address the causal consequences of having several indicators obtained by the same method.
The effect of CBT was estimated according to differences among clinical scales and sleep indicators obtained by means of polysomnography recordings before and after the CBT treatment period.
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We compare the values of the H indicator obtained by PSEA and PSEA-m with respect to the number of generations in this subsection.
For 72.7% of optimization problems, the values of the D indicator obtained by PSEA-m are larger than those obtained by KnEA, suggesting that PSEA-m has inferior performance on the D indicator compared to KnEA.
(4) For most optimization problems, the values of the H indicator obtained by PSEA-m are larger than or have no significant difference from those obtained by KnEA except for 10-objective DTLZ2.
(5) For most optimization problems, the values of the H indicator obtained by PSEA-m are larger than or have no significant difference from those obtained by NSGA-III except for 5-objective DTLZ6.
For the other optimization problems, the values of the D indicator obtained by the proposed method are larger than those obtained by MOEA/D except for 5-objective DTLZ5.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com