In the present study, we have focussed on a textile indicator material that is not in continuous contact with the human body but nevertheless has to fulfil all requirements for clothing (OEKO-TEX® Standard 100, 2016).
Material indicators include material properties, hazard monitoring, and hazard inventory-keeping.
As an MFA indicator, material-use efficiency is defined as the amount of raw material effectively utilized divided by the total amount consumed and gives an indication of the degree to which byproducts are recycled and waste generation is suppressed.
This type of analysis goes far beyond the calculation of headline indicators on material consumption and material productivity, which so far has dominated the MFA literature, and allows connecting much better to issues related to the development of resource policies, which are currently emerging in the context of European policy making.
From our database, we calculated standard indicators of material flow accounting: domestic extraction (DE), domestic material consumption (DMC), and the physical trade balance (PTB).
You also probably wouldn't know that these indicators of material and political progress point in the direction of continued global stability.
Existing studies so far mostly produced aggregated national indicators on material consumption and resource productivity, making it difficult to use MFA results for policy making, which is often focused on specific sectors or consumption areas.
This has been done by assessing three such systems, each of which requires uranium enriched to ∼20% 235U, in comparison to a reference uranium-fuelled (U-fuelled) system over various performance indicators, spanning material flows, waste composition, economics, and proliferation resistance.
An inspection of the path weights revealed that income poverty had differential associations with the indicators of material hardship; specifically, higher income had a much stronger effect on reducing food insufficiency than in reducing medical need.
Firstly, the frequency distributions of the participants' selected characteristics and indicators of material circumstances were described.
