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My MSc thesis was about the role of coliphages as indicators for bacterial and virus pollution in deep aquifers in Mexico City.
However, according to the review of Schulz and Dickschat (2007) on bacterial VOC emissions, most of the substances we identified are known indicators for bacterial growth.
To overcome the shortcomings of CFU enumeration pointed out above, a number of alternative, cultivation-independent methods have been applied over the years to get hold of indicators for bacterial cell viability.
However, the utilization of indicators for bacterial viability-such as the presence of specific transcripts or membrane integrity-would overcome bias introduced by cultivation and reduces the time span of analysis from initiation to read out.
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Many previously published studies have indicated that the soluble form of TREM-1, called sTREM-1, is a useful indicator for bacterial infection [ 15- 18].
Furthermore, PSD does not seem to be a clear indicator for a bacterial contamination at the investigated spring, at least for this particular event.
These high values suggested that sTREM-1 was a reasonably reliable indicator for diagnosing bacterial infections.
Thus, these proteins might be considered as good indicators of bacterial lifestyle.
By integrating the electrostatic, acid-base and van der Waals interaction forces over the surface topography of AAO, the adjusted XDLVO model is able to delineate the effect of changing pore diameter, pore depth and surface porosity on the maximum repulsive force (Fmax), which prove to be an effective indicator of tendency for bacterial attachment.
As for bacterial indicators, all samples were positive for the three bacterial groups, indicating continuous faecal contamination of the water used for irrigation.
For bacterial indicators, the combination of two-stage MSL system achieved high log removals between 2.21 and 3.15 log units.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com