Given the complex and multifactorial nature of disease risks, it is not yet possible to predict quantitatively the risk of disease from the indicator exposure response or dose response alone.
Job category and length of employment were used as surrogate indicators of exposure type and cumulative exposure, respectively.
Furthermore, associations were not found for other, more accurate indicators of exposure, such as the number of peak exposures ≥4.0 ppm, cumulative exposure, and average exposure.
We conclude that PM10 and PM2.5 are not specific indicators of exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
Serum carotenoid levels were used as indicators of exposure and were not significantly different (P>0.05) between carotenoid-fed trout.
Lawyers for the workers said the Army and Raytheon investigators had made no mention of rashes and skin irritations found on their clients, which are important indicators of exposure to mustard gas.
However, this negative association loses significance when indicators measuring exposure to physical, social and structural features of the broader risk environment are considered.
Moreover, the results also demonstrated that this parameter can be used as sensitive indicators of exposure to this genotoxicant.
The first three are factors that have been found to be important indicators of exposure likelihood and are drawn directly from CPDat.
Develop quantitative indicators of exposure to and effects of trawling, and indicators of sustainability risk.
