Model 1: Socioeconomic indicator controlled for year of follow-up, age group, sex (where appropriate), period of diagnosis, marital status, north/south geographic zone.
Rate ratios for relative excess mortality by different indicators of disadvantage are shown in Table 2. Model 1 gives rate ratios for the disadvantage indicator controlled for year of follow-up, age group, sex (where appropriate), period of diagnosis and north/south geographic zone.
Separate models were computed for each z-score indicator, controlling for the presence of other covariates (those from the multiple regression model specified above).
Hence the choice will often favor a single indicator controlling for some theory-relevant feature rather than multiply entrenching a particular latent.
Time indicators control for the trend of increasing government expenditure on health and idiosyncratic shocks across our panel (τ t ).
A multilevel mixed effects regression was used to model performance on all these indicators over time, controlled for covariates of interest and including an interaction term between time and indicators, but excluding post-intervention observations for the withdrawn indicators.
The refined version would be able to include missing data with fewer, higher weighted indicators which are controlled for measurement error.
Therefore, it may be useful to estimate associations of each indicator when controlling for other indicators.
Table 2 shows multivariate OLS regression analyses indicating the effects of the structural indicators while controlling for the effects of the other independent variables.
As shown in Figure 1, this model was used to examine the relationship between call light response time (1 staff-centered process indicator) and fall rates and injurious fall rates (2 patient-centered outcome indicators), while controlling for the covariates.
