Soil quality indicators comprising of the three standard groupings including: physical (moisture content, bulk density); chemical (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, C/N ratio, electrical conductivity) and biological (organic matter content) proposed by Yerima and Van Ranst (2005a), for soils in the tropics, were selected for analysis.
Human development index (HDI) is a composite development indicator comprising of life expectancy at birth from health, GDP from economy and adult literacy rate from education.
We found 14 long-term large-area compilations of health indicators and determinants and seven compilations of environmental health indicators, comprising hundreds of metrics.
A parcel is defined as an aggregate-level indicator comprised of the sum or average of two or more items, responses, or behaviors.
Following the pre-set criteria, seven additional items were excluded, reducing the number of indicators comprising each latent factor to a minimum of three.
These indicators comprised: evidence of an ACP, being on the Liverpool Care of the Dying Pathway, Referral to the Hospital Palliative Care Service, appropriate prescription of opioids, use of syringe driver for symptom control, presence of palliative care alert and documentation of a Palliative approach to resuscitation status in the case of respiratory or cardiac arrest.
The independent variables used in the FSW analysis were collective efficacy, collective agency, and collective action; these were made up of multiple indicators comprising a composite index described in detail in Table 1.
To adequately quantify appropriate complementary feeding, we used a composite indicator comprising three of the WHO core IYCF indicators that relate closely to complementary feeding.
These indicators comprised the registration of risk factors (smoking status, physical activity capacity, weight or body mass index, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol), advice on physical activity, influenza vaccination, antiplatelet and statin drug therapy prescribed or offered, systolic and diastolic blood pressure below threshold (140 and 90 mmHG respectively).
The process of development of criteria and indicators comprises implementation at both the national level (e.g. as a basis for elaboration of national sets) and the international level (e.g. as a framework for harmonized reporting).
The reproductive indicators comprised age at first conception, number of pregnancies, number of antenatal consultations (ANC) received in the latest pregnancies, and history of previous uterine operations.
