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Seasonal economic indicator series (Z_{t}) are generally modeled with nonstationary models, e.g., ARIMA models rather than ARMA models.
At the same time, the Conference Board's leading economic indicator series imploded, falling more in both relative and absolute amounts than it had going into 1990′s recession.
With a set of 88 U.S. Census Bureau economic indicator series for which the airline model was selected over alternatives, McElroy (2012) found that all but one had negative lag 12 sample autocorrelation in the fully differenced seasonally adjusted series, (delta left( Bright) widehat{sa}_{t}) in our notation.
For biodiversity, the selection of indicators is therefore crucial because the inclusion or exclusion of certain indicator series might lead to a different evaluation of the overall status.
After obtaining a fitting model for each of these 12 series, we created indicator series for each experimental hospital.
iii) develop a model-based approach to make aggregate adjustments to indicator series derived from these two administrative collections.
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An indicator, or series of indicators, should be identified within an audit project which will clarify what data need to be collected.
An indicator or series of indicators should be identified at the start of the project to decide what data will need to be collected to calculate the value of the indicator and hence to decide if the chosen standard has been met.
The HCR was constructed using methods adopted from engineering process control theory where the adjustment in total allowable catch was determined by estimating the size of the shift in the indicator time series.
Trends were estimated from linear regression using the i) five and ii) ten most recent data points in an indicator time series.
For each state indicator time series, we defined two of the three thresholds, that is, a value representing reference (target), acceptable, or bad conditions.
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