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Its mean is zero and its variance is In effect, this test amounts to using the existing unstratified test, but with the 0/1 case-control indicator replaced by either zero (controls) or (cases).
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Similarly, the LDL-cholesterol indicator was replaced by an indicator based on total cholesterol, while the indicator of screening for microalbuminuria was discarded.
When the immigrant indicator is replaced with indicators for arrival cohorts, I find a decline in cohort quality not consistent with Census-based studies.
In order to gain a better understanding, the HIV prevention knowledge indicator was replaced by four other, more detailed knowledge indicators.
The general model of EKC is as follows (see [ 30]): (2) E = α + β 1 Y + β 2 Y 2 + β 3 Y 3 + u, where E is the pollution index of a certain county or area; Y is the economic growth indicator usually replaced by per capita GDP (this study utilized the per capita net income of farmers); α is the intercept; β1, β2, and β3 are unknown parameters; u is a random error.
But the traditional lifestyle indicators are replaced by a staple, almost a stereotype, of contemporary art photography: the fictive everyday life of young women of no evident consequence.
In Tables 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 the information provided is different because the three last indicators are replaced by the following: SRMQE **: Square root of the mean quadratic error in the differences in pension expenditure obtained by comparing the population of pensioners (INSS) and the large subsample (Sub-m).
We seek an aggregated inheritance indicator to replace the collection of many inheritance indicators in the inbreeding process.
An alternative indicator should replace capacity and resistance to make online SoH diagnosis more manageable.
In addition, we tested if adults' education level, a more common socioeconomic indicator, can replace home value in predicting PBDE concentrations.
Because home value is a socioeconomic indicator, we then replaced it with a more common socioeconomic indicator, education level.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com