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Farnie and colleagues [ 41] examined the factors that affect the ability of breast cancer cells to form mammospheres, an indicator of stemness of breast CSCs.
We isolated CBC populations using Lgr5 as an indicator of stemness and KI67 protein expression as an indicator of cell cycle progression.
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To capture both of these indicators of stemness, we defined the stemness index (SI) score as the difference between the SE(Q+) and the SE(Q−).
We defined the Stemness Index (SI) as a contrast between the overlap of the query with modules indicative of stemness compared to those indicative of differentiated cells.
Specifically, mitochondrial structure and function have been suggested to be indicators of stem cell competence because low mitochondrial activity and relatively under-developed mitochondrial networks have been confirmed to be common features of stemness [ 43- 48].
A significant reduction in soft agar growth (in vitro indicator of tumorigenicity) and neurosphere formation (surrogative measure of "stemness") were observed.
These stem cells often exhibit high-level expression of "stemness" genes (Boiani and Scholer, 2005).
Fig. 3 Gene expression of stemness markers.
A closed relation between induction of EMT and endowing of stemness characteristic has been demonstrated [46,50,51].
Mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism have recently emerged as important actors of stemness and differentiation.
Barlow [1] considered the QC to be part of a founder zone containing cells possessing variable amounts of "stemness".
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