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Cambridge University wrote to all schools and colleges urging them to retain the AS level as it stands, saying it puts pupils at an advantage because it acts as a "robust indicator" of pupils' ability as they apply to university.
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Mr Woodhead's most recent report concluded:In a set of schools with similarly high levels of disadvantage across a range of indicators, the proportion of pupils achieving level 4 or above (in standardised national literacy tests) ranged from about 65% to 15%.
A fifth indicator showing the percentage of pupils who continue in education, employment or training during the year after they finished their key stage 4 qualifications, may be introduced at a later date.
Almost half the pupils receive pupil premium – an indicator of disadvantage.
I was educated at a low-participation school in London where the large majority of pupils received free meals, an indicator of economic disadvantage.
In all, 95 per cent of the schools in the top 500 had a smaller proportion of pupils on free school meals – an indicator of poverty – than the average for their local areas.
The proportion of pupils receiving free school meals (an indicator of socio-economic condition) ranged between 8% and 30%.
Our indicator of social class is derived from pupils' reports of parental occupation and not from parents directly, nevertheless this method has provided valid data and social class derived from pupils as young as age 11 is highly correlated with that derived from parental self-report (West et al., 2001).
Today's analysis looks at the number of pupils eligible for free school meals, which is seen as an indicator of deprivation.
Some grammar school headteachers have been experimenting with prioritising children on free school meals or in receipt of the pupil premium – another indicator of disadvantage.
The results are a mixed bag, though they show that the percentage of low-income students generally trumps spending-per-pupil as an indicator of academic achievement.
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