We quantified the number of BrdU+/NG2+cells in multiple brain regions and the expression of O4 in the corpus callosum as indicators of oligodendrocyte progenitors.
As previously mentioned, the expression of NANOG and OCT4 is a strong indicator of a stem cell/ progenitor phenotype.
In addition, the presence of progenitor cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an indicator of malignancy in humans as well as dogs [ 10- 12].
A not infrequent event following transfection of chick embryos is plasmid loss [ 41, 42] and this might limit the use of the reporter as an indicator of Notch activity downregulation in neural progenitors, as cessation of promoter activity cannot be easily distinguished from plasmid loss.
Using Axin2 as a molecular indicator, we found that Wnt is upregulated following castration but is down-regulated after androgen replacement, corresponding nicely with the content of progenitor cells in the prostate.
Knockout studies have revealed key roles for these proteins in normal biology that include the survival of a number of progenitor cells including renal epithelial progenitors, melanocyte progenitors, fetal erythroid progenitors, neuronal cells, sperm cells and hematopoietic stem cells [59 63].
Since it has been identified that GATA2 is one of the indicator of hematopoiesis of yolk sac stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells, therefore ATRA exposed initiates hematopoiesis of EML cells.
Thus the expression of a set of markers of different progenitor domains and neuronal subtypes can be used as a reliable indicator of Gli activity (Fig. 4A).
Consistent with this hypothesis, the number of low-methylated regions (LMRs, an indirect indicator of heterogeneous methylation across a cell population) decreases as mouse ESCs differentiate to neural progenitor cells (Stadler et al., 2011).
A second screen for small molecules that promote the conversion of definitive endoderm into pancreatic progenitors was concurrently undertaken, using expression of the pancreatic marker Pdx1 as an indicator of differentiation efficiency (124).
