In this way, epiphytic lichens communities may constitute an effective indicator of community-level diversity in for aspen-dependent species at-large.
Many remote Indigenous Australian communities have relatively closed food systems, with most of food obtained from the community store, meaning store-sales data can provide an objective indicator of community-level dietary intake over a long time period without burdening individuals in participating communities [ 15, 16].
We propose that species-area curves can be sensitive indicators of community-level changes in biodiversity, and may be useful in quantifying the human imprint on reef biodiversity, and potentially elsewhere.
We identified a wide suite of administrative indicators of community-level social stressors (2008 2010), and applied simultaneous autoregressive models and factor analysis to characterize spatial correlations among social stressors, and between social stressors and air pollutants, using New York City Community Air Survey NYCCASS) data (2008-2009).
We recommend that similar studies be carried out at a variety of reserve sites, to test our proposed indicators and increase our understanding of community-level responses to fisheries closures.
> -wrap-foot> * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 In the multivariate analysis stage, OLS regression was first used to analyze the direct effects of community-level indicators on participation in beetle-related actions and their influences on the relationships between independent variables and beetle-related action.
In the absence of community-level contextual indicators, we measured associations of social capital at the individual level.
Respondents emphasized confusing terminology and a lack of valid measurement indicators at community level as barriers to obtaining accurate data for decision making.
The last sub-level indicator of community learning environment-development of community education (DevCom) and computer resource allocation in primary and middle schools (ComRes) were comparatively correlated with coefficient of.515.
Owner occupancy is considered an indicator of community stability.
