In various microorganisms the intracellular ROS level increases significantly when the cells are challenged by oxidative stress or toxic substances, including butanol [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], indicating that ROS can be used as a indicator of cellular intolerance toward toxic compounds.
Although CMV antibody levels have proven to be an important indicator of cellular immune function and allergy or hay fever provides a good indication of the TH2 arm of the immune system, few other measures of immune function were available in NHANES for the age range included in our analyses.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all human tissues, and is considered an indicator of cellular inflammation.
Fractal dimension as an indicator of cellular complexity, and lacunarity as indicator of tissue heterogeneity were determined based on the binarized SHT micrographs.
In particular, the use of the photophysical phenomenon of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a powerful indicator of cellular biochemical events is discussed.
Increases in the contents of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may be a sensible indicator of cellular liver damage caused by pesticide exposure (Gholami-Seyedkolaei, Mirvaghefi, Farahmand, & Kosari, 2013).
Several pregnancy complications, which include preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, exhibit racial disparities and are associated with shorter placental telomere length, which is an indicator of cellular stress and aging.
Our approach used a multidimensional response surface design to study the effects of temperature and salinity on sublethal measures of oyster performance: (1) body condition index as an overall indicator of bioenergetic status and (2) the RNA/DNA ratio as a biochemical indicator of cellular stress.
Moreover, investigations of potential individual susceptibility of human blood cells towards formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity indicated no biologically relevant differences with regard to various indicators of cellular sensitivity to genotoxic effects along with the expression of formaldehyde dehydrogenase and genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1.
NADH and its oxidized form, NAD+, play central roles in energy metabolism and are ideal indicators of cellular metabolic states.
To date, there are no reports on the number of nucleolar organizer regions as indicators of cellular proliferation in desquamative cells from periodontally health chronic smokers and non-smokers.
